Types of Gas Heaters
Gas patio heaters come in two main varieties: propane and natural gas. Propane heaters are portable and run on refillable tanks, making them ideal for spaces where flexibility is needed. On the other hand, natural gas heaters are fixed units, usually connected directly to a home’s gas line, which makes them perfect for permanent outdoor setups.
Initial Purchase Cost of Gas Heaters
Gas heaters tend to have a wide range of initial costs. Portable propane heaters can be found for as little as $150, while larger, fixed natural gas models might cost upwards of $500 to $1,000. The initial cost includes the heater itself, plus accessories like hoses or tanks if you choose a propane model.
Understanding Electric Patio Heaters
Types of Electric Heaters
Electric patio heaters are either infrared or convection-based. Infrared heaters work by directly warming objects and people, while convection heaters warm the air around them. Both types are energy-efficient, but infrared heaters are particularly effective in outdoor settings where wind can carry heat away.
Initial Purchase Cost of Electric Heaters
Electric patio heaters usually have a lower starting cost compared to gas heaters. Basic models are available for around $100, while more high-end models can go up to $400 or more. They are also available in various designs, from wall-mounted to freestanding units, offering more flexibility for installation.
Operating Costs of Gas Heaters
Propane vs. Natural Gas Costs
The ongoing cost of running a gas heater depends on the type of fuel used. Propane generally costs between $2.50 and $3.00 per gallon, and a standard 20-pound propane tank will last approximately 8 to 10 hours, depending on usage. Natural gas, on the other hand, is often cheaper in the long run if you already have a natural gas line. It averages around $1.00 to $1.50 per therm (100,000 BTUs).
Gas Consumption Rates
Most gas patio heaters burn fuel at a rate of around 40,000 BTUs per hour. For propane heaters, this translates into about $2 to $3 per hour of operation, while natural gas heaters cost roughly $0.50 to $1.00 per hour.
Operating Costs of Electric Heaters
Electricity Costs and Consumption Rates
Electric patio heaters are known for their energy efficiency. They typically use between 1,500 and 5,000 watts of power. Given that electricity in the U.S. costs around $0.12 per kilowatt-hour (kWh), running an electric heater for an hour will cost between $0.18 and $0.60. This is substantially cheaper than propane but might be comparable to natural gas, depending on local utility rates.
Environmental Impact
While electric heaters are more energy-efficient, their environmental impact depends on the source of the electricity. If your electricity comes from renewable sources, electric heaters have a much lower carbon footprint than gas heaters. However, in areas relying on fossil fuels for electricity, gas heaters may be the more eco-friendly option.
Efficiency Comparison: Gas vs. Electric
Heat Output (BTUs)
Gas heaters, particularly propane models, offer a much higher heat output, often ranging from 35,000 to 50,000 BTUs. This makes them ideal for large, open spaces. In contrast, electric heaters typically max out at around 5,000 to 10,000 BTUs, making them more suitable for smaller or enclosed patios.
Heating Area Coverage
Gas heaters can cover a larger area, typically heating spaces of 200 to 400 square feet. Electric heaters, on the other hand, tend to cover smaller areas, around 100 to 150 square feet. This means you may need more electric heaters to cover the same space as one gas heater.
Installation Costs: Gas vs. Electric
DIY vs. Professional Installation
Electric heaters are often easy to install and can be plugged into standard outlets, making them more DIY-friendly. Gas heaters, especially natural gas models, usually require professional installation to connect them to a gas line, adding to the initial cost.
Wiring and Gas Line Installation
If you opt for an electric heater that requires hardwiring, the installation cost might increase, but this is generally less expensive than running a new natural gas line for a gas heater.
Maintenance and Lifespan
Gas Heater Maintenance
Gas heaters require regular maintenance to keep them operating efficiently. Propane tanks need refilling, and gas lines should be inspected annually for safety. Additionally, burners and ignition systems might need occasional repairs.
Electric Heater Maintenance
Electric heaters are low maintenance, with no fuel to replace or burners to clean. The only upkeep required is wiping down the unit occasionally and checking for any wiring issues.
Safety Considerations
Gas Heater Safety
Gas heaters should be used with caution, as they produce open flames and emit carbon monoxide. Proper ventilation is essential, especially in enclosed spaces. Propane tanks also require careful storage and handling.
Electric Heater Safety
Electric heaters are generally safer than gas heaters. They do not emit harmful gases, and modern models come with automatic shut-off features if they tip over or overheat, reducing the risk of fire.
Weather and Climate Considerations
Best Climates for Gas Heaters
Gas heaters work well in colder climates due to their higher heat output. If you live in an area with harsh winters, a gas heater might be the better option for keeping your outdoor space warm.
Best Climates for Electric Heaters
Electric heaters perform best in milder climates where extreme heat isn’t necessary. They are also ideal for covered patios or enclosed spaces where wind is less likely to dissipate the heat.
Environmental Impact
Emissions of Gas Heaters
Propane and natural gas heaters produce carbon dioxide and other emissions, contributing to your carbon footprint. Natural gas is cleaner than propane but still has a significant environmental impact.
Energy Consumption of Electric Heaters
Electric heaters are more eco-friendly when powered by renewable energy. Their lower heat output also means they consume less energy, making them a greener option in areas where clean energy is available.
Aesthetic and Functional Considerations
Design Options
Gas heaters often have a more rustic, industrial design, while electric heaters come in sleek, modern styles. Depending on your aesthetic preferences, you might prefer one over the other.
Versatility in Placement
Electric heaters are more versatile in placement, as they can be installed on walls, ceilings, or even under tables. Gas heaters, particularly propane models, require more space and must be positioned carefully to avoid fire hazards.
Which Patio Heater Is Best for You?
Budget Considerations
If your primary concern is budget, electric heaters are generally cheaper to purchase and install. However, if you need high heat output for a larger space, the long-term operational costs of a gas heater might make more sense.
Space and Usage Factors
For larger, open spaces, gas heaters are more effective. In contrast, if you have a smaller, covered patio, an electric heater might be sufficient.
Conclusion
In the end, both gas and electric patio heaters have their advantages. Gas heaters provide more powerful heating for large, open areas, but they come with higher operational costs and require more maintenance. Electric heaters are more cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and easier to install, but they may not provide sufficient warmth for bigger spaces.
When choosing between gas and electric patio heaters, consider your budget, space, and how you plan to use your outdoor area. By carefully weighing these factors, you can make the right decision for your needs.
FAQs
- Which is cheaper to operate: gas or electric patio heaters?
Electric heaters are generally cheaper to operate, though natural gas heaters can also be cost-effective in the long run. - Can I install a gas heater myself?
Propane heaters are often DIY-friendly, but natural gas heaters typically require professional installation. - How often do I need to replace a propane tank?
A standard propane tank lasts 8-10 hours, depending on usage. - Are electric heaters safe for enclosed spaces?
Yes, electric heaters are ideal for enclosed spaces because they do not emit harmful gases. - Which heater is more environmentally friendly?
Electric heaters are more eco-friendly, especially when powered by renewable energy sources.
